What investigational technique is used to identify factors contributing to a problem?

The correct answer focuses on the cause-and-effect diagram, which is commonly known as a fishbone diagram. This technique is specifically designed to identify and analyze the various factors that may contribute to a specific problem. By visually mapping out the different potential causes, the diagram helps teams brainstorm and categorize these factors effectively, facilitating a thorough understanding of the root causes of the issue.

The essence of using a cause-and-effect diagram is to ensure that all possible causes are considered, enabling a systematic approach to problem-solving. It encourages team collaboration in identifying not just the symptoms of a problem but also the underlying issues that need to be addressed. This method is particularly valuable in quality management and process improvement initiatives.

Other options have distinct purposes: force-field analysis is useful for assessing the driving and restraining forces affecting a situation; scatter plot analysis helps in identifying relationships between variables; and SWOT analysis evaluates strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats related to a situation or decision. While all these tools can aid in decision-making and organizational analysis, none serve the specific purpose of identifying and analyzing the contributing factors to a problem in the way that a cause-and-effect diagram does.